Friday, May 29, 2020

Healthcare Reform Money or Lives - Free Essay Example

In the last few years health care reform changed drastically from its cost and its . Through the Obama administration there was a reform that created a change in health care. This reform was created to require both everyone to have a insurance and also to be able to afford it. Obamacare created a system to have affordable healthcare where based on an individuals income is accounted to how much an individual or that family will spent on healthcare. Critics and even some supporters of the Affordable Healthcare Act, also known as Obamacare, have been questioning whether the law is making people healthier. The purposes of the law are to reduce spending for health care, improve the quality of health care, and make sure the healthcare industry is regulated. But the primary issue has revolved around whether or not the law would improve health for individuals. A publication of a new study found that reforms similar to Obamacare that were passed in Massachusetts probably saved lives. As a result, some of the critics are admitting they may have been too harsh in their judgment. The Massachusetts study offers the most compelling evidence to date that increasing health insurance coverage translates into fewer deaths, Philip Klein wrote in the Washington Examiner (Cohn). So, now that this debate about effectiveness is being answered, a new one is taking hold: is the cost too high? Supporters and opponents of Obamacare are divided. While so me believe the cost of Obamacare is too high, others argue that the cost is not as high as many believe, and that reliable health insurance is worth the cost. This debate, then, really focuses on priorities: should we be focusing on saving money, or should be making sure everyone has health insurance? Opponents of Obamacare focus their argument around the high cost of the program. According to these individuals, the cost of the program is too high for the government and too high for individuals. Recently, Michael Cannon, from the Cato Institute, a Washington, D.C. policy think tank, did some calculations to show that every life that Obamacare saves costs between $4 and $5 milliona number, he says, thats higher than the World Health Organizations standard for cost-effectiveness (Cannon). Critics point to this number as being much too high. As an economist might put it, this means there are likely to be policies out there that could save a lot more lives than RomneyCare does per dollar spent, Cannon wrote in a Forbes article. Despite admitting that the law is saving lives, these critics are asserting that the money spent per life is not reasonable; it could be better spent elsewhere and perhaps save even more lives. The fact that the costs are going up since 2015 which help their ar gument. The silver and bronze plans that Obamacare offered were the most popular because they had lower monthly premiums. However, they have expensive annual deductibles (Ehley), therefore making healthcare more expensive for some individuals. A study by the Internal Revenue Service found that the average deductible for 2015 Bronze-level policies, the lowest tiered plan, is about $5,181 for individuals up from $5,081 last year (Ehley). Although the hundred dollar increase may not seem to be a drastic change in price, it will certainly add up, and the numbers could keep rising. Many would say that the bill has a steady increase in costs, and they insist it isnt worth the benefits that the bill has provided. Given that Obamacare promotes itself as an affordable option, its worth noting that its strongest critics do not see it as cost-effective. People in favor of Obamacare say that those who focus on the high price of Obamacare fail to understand the cost of Obamacare or similar programs. In order for Obamacare to be effective, they argue, it comes with a price. Lois Hightower, Georgetown Professor of Economics said that They are overestimating its cost on purpose, to further their own ideas (Cohn). She continued, Even if the cost per saved life under Obamacare were truly $4 or $5 million, that would hardly be out of line with other government programs and regulations that enjoy broad support here in the U.S. (Cohn). Supporters of Obamacare emphasize that the cost of this program is not that high relative to other programs, and that those who reject the program as being too expensive ignore the relative cost of this program to other programs that are widely considered to be worth the price. As Harold Pollack, a University of Chicago professor, has pointed out, automobile child restraints and child-resistant cigarette lighte rs were also estimated to cost several million dollars per life saved. These proponents of Obamacare think that critics are not fairly presenting the cost of Obamacare to the public. They believe we need to look at the cost of Obamacare in relation to other government funded programs and see that not only is Obamacare saving lives, relatively, it isnt costing very much. In their view, there is historical precedent for government spending money to save lives. Proponents of Obamacare offer another reason that the cost of the program is worth it: even though it seems like individuals will be spending a lot of money on healthcare, Obamacare can actually prevent people from financial ruin. According to Joel Griffin, manager of Health Solutions Strategies, a healthcare consultancy in New York City, the main benefit of Obamacare is that it ensures financial security by protecting people from crippling and frequently unpredictable medical bills. When people do not have medical insurance, if something terrible happens, they can end up spending their life savings paying for health insurance for themselves or their families. Supporters of Obamacare praise the program because it helps people avoid this kind of financial ruin, making it well worth the cost of the program. Remember, says David Cutler, the Harvard economist and author of Your Money or Your Life, the primary benefit of insurance is smoothing money flows, not extending life. That is, its peace of mind and the ability to avoid desperation (Cohn). Other financial benefits of health care reform include more freedom to change jobs and start businesses, since people with pre-existing conditions are no longer dependent upon employers for insurance (Cohn). Proponents of Obamacare emphasize the importance of having health insurance and argue that we should prioritize making this kind of healthcare available to everyone. These supporters are not trying to argue about the cost of Obamacare; instead, they are arguing that some things, like financial security and peace of mind, are worth paying for. One thing is clear from all of the debate: an honest accounting of Obamacare has to consider all of the laws costs. Opponents of Obamacare are attacking the plan from all angles, but one of their strongest claims is that the cost is too high and its rising. If Obamacare intends to help make health care and insurance more affordable, opponents claim, its not doing a very good job. Supporters of Obamacare, though, argue that looking at the cost of Obamacare in isolation is unfair, and that we are comfortable paying similar costs for other programs. They also argue that while the price tag of Obamacare seems high, it is not nearly as high as medical bills that individuals without insurance will have to pay. This debate, then, is really about priorities. While some prioritize saving money, both for the government and the individual, others prioritize the security that comes with health insurance, no matter the cost. Works Cited Cannon, Michael F. New Study Suggests RomneyCare Saved Lives, But At A Very High Cost. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 5 May 2014. Web. 02 nov. 2018. Cohn, Jonathan. Obamacare Critics Now Admit the Law Is Saving Lives, But Say the Price Still Isnt Worth It. New Republic.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2018. Ehley, Brianna. Obamacare Deductibles, Already High, Climb in 2015. The Fiscal Times. N.p., 21 Nov. 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2018. Pollack, Harold. The Cost of Obamacare. Daily Press. University of Chicago, 4 June 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2018. Study Finds Romneycare Saved Lives Will Obamacare? Washington Examiner. N.p., 7 May 2014. Web. 02 Dec. 2018.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

The Ultimate Essay Topics for Song yet Sung Trick

The Ultimate Essay Topics for Song yet Sung Trick You don't have to adhere to your absolute first thought. How about we help the environmental factors by. We need to underscore the criticalness of being composed to make your considerations easy to understand. Exposition Topics for Song yet Sung Options Maintain a note pad convenient and procure a rundown with the goal that you generally have one when you're good to go to compose. The music from various accounts along with the Christian Country Music is effectively the most notable sorts of music in the usa. This isn't copyright infringement, when you make new melodies dependent on the activity of others. Any of them are astounding subjects to have you begun. A subject is a general thought of what you might want to expound on. Simply take a tune that is important with you, and portray the central theme as compactly as could be expected under the circumstances. For some, musicians, picking a melody subject is the biggest issue they face. In any case, I would contend there are some fundamental exercises to be gathered from these models. Allude back to your postulation sentence frequently to be certain the words you're making up still help your essential thought. I would have gotten a kick out of the chance to get exposition during this timeframe. Composing a perfect film evaluate paper is in any case not simple. The pre-recorded voice licenses them to chime in but then participate in the shows. In this case, none of your audience members will be able to grasp where the tune starts. The feeling is so genuine, nonetheless, that even audience members who don't realize Arabic will interface with this. This is kind of a failure that the past melody on the A-side gets genuine. What You Must Know About Essay Topics for Song yet Sung Although many would state that in the book it's rough as well, it's wittier than it is unrefined. The objective of a film audit is to give an exhaustive thought regarding what the film involves to support the peruser or crowd in settling on a genuine decision. Despite the fact that the film audit plot model is a predominant reference piece, there are numerous techniques to make a film survey. An imperative film audit model is an incredible choice of how you're ready to get to the inadequacies depicted by the film and back your cases with truthful proof. For example, you could have a G3 G5 set of codes. To help you do that, we've given a film audit model store to work as a guide in seeing how to begin creating an exceptional paper. On the off chance that you proceed without changing your settings, we will expect that you're glad to get all tre ats on this site. Despite the fact that there aren't numerous points which has been utilized more than others are, This rundown can go on. Prattle, Lies and Essay Topics for Song yet Sung You will be approached to convey a consistent contention with respect to the level of imagination appeared by the on-screen characters. In the play there's additionally a gigantic amount of rough diversion. It's your obligation to find unmistakable and convincing strategies for introducing these considerations and ideas through your words and music. Creators create characters in a huge number of ways, however among the most grounded strategies to concoct a character is by means of his activities. You will suffocate in it. Just the sensation which you feel, that causes you to feel the sound draining by means of your spirit. The very truth that your particular words, tunes and verses will contrast from each other tune out there may be all the development you request. Perfect for each and every individual who cherishes punk, Blues or all the previously mentioned. Many hit melodies are composed utilizing these harmony movements. We have, clearly, just contacted the substance of the subjects that may rouse you to make a melody. Remember, everything is liquid at this point. As you have verses prepared, it's a great opportunity to think about the melodic structure. All things considered melody doesn't show up on air or TV slots and in this way isn't a segment of the most elevated music outlines of a country or state. The 5-Minute Rule for Essay Topics for Song yet Sung Knowing in this way, you can promptly observe why loads of people rely upon cooling. Numerous Buddhist figures, arriving at two or three stories produced using bronze, were then obliterated because of coin deficiency. The 2 militaries conflict on a gigantic war zone. Having a child to oversee likewise diminishes the likelihood of laborers striking or arranging some kind of significant insubordination to wage servitude. Crowds need something explicit. Moving is a gigantic segment of my life since I've been doing it for 5 decades and I genuinely appreciate it. Treat Policy We use treats to be sure that we give you the perfect understanding on the site.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Use Online Paper Writing Help for Writing Your Paper

<h1>Use Online Paper Writing Help for Writing Your Paper</h1><p>If you are searching for online paper composing help, at that point your best decision is find help with composing on the web. There are numerous such destinations accessible on the web that can furnish you with free assistance on web based composition. The fundamental thought is to get educated in the online paper composing help administrations and when you are knowledgeable with the necessities of a specific paper, you can complete it very quickly.</p><p></p><p>Online paper composing assist will with being useful in the event that you realize how to utilize a particular arrangement for composing an article. Various sources can be found in the web where you can get online assistance in finishing your paper. You can likewise utilize free online paper composing help. Many individuals today are utilizing this online assistance to set up their papers as they get top notch paper comp osing help online from the sites and sites that are free.</p><p></p><p>Many experts are presently settling on online paper composing help since they feel it is increasingly advantageous and less tedious. It permits them to compose a paper time permitting and at their own pace. There are various sources where you can get online assistance on online paper composing. You can likewise pick which locales to visit as long as you discover one which suits your needs.</p><p></p><p>If you have a particular prerequisite to think of a paper on a specific theme, at that point you can locate the necessary papers on the web. You can discover a ton of models on the best way to arrange a paper for different subjects through the sites. On the off chance that you don't know about specific parts of your paper, at that point you can search for counsel on online destinations. You can likewise discover paper composing help by perusing different compositions. In the event that you have been learning the fundamentals and you are searching for help on online paper composing, at that point you can even benefit of a few composing classes through different forums.</p><p></p><p>You can even profit of online paper composing help in deciding the requirement for a specific configuration in paper composing. You can likewise look at the free web based composing programming that can assist you with composing an article by utilizing word handling highlights. This causes you to style your content and configuration it in like manner and this is unimaginable when you are composing the paper physically. Generally, these web based composing programming is openly accessible and can be utilized. You can likewise decide to discover the free composing programming that will assist you with making an article in a simpler way.</p><p></p><p>While you are composing an article for your paper, you can likewise get tho ughts from the web based composing assist which with canning be gainful too. There are numerous destinations that you can use to get essential data and even tips to improve your composing ability. Recorded as a hard copy your paper for school, your evaluations can likewise be improved with the assistance of composing help. You will likewise have the option to accomplish your target.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous manners by which you can improve your composing abilities. Utilizing paper composing help can be a simple method to rehearse your composing skills.</p>

Saturday, May 23, 2020

1865 -1975 Research Paper Topics

<h1>1865 - 1975 Research Paper Topics</h1><p>There are many research paper points for 1865 - 1975 that is run of the mill of most degrees. Notwithstanding, in the latest and present day times of study, a large number of the themes that were once instructed or remembered for the educational plan are done being instructed. Numerous alumni today are given more cash to make training for them and their families. It is in this season of financial change that you will be required to have a certificate in humanities, sociologies, and the humanities.</p><p></p><p>Colleges will offer majors in the examination, which is the thing that they consider the 'standard' zones of study. The courses required to get a significant in these majors may incorporate essential math, history, English, science, unknown dialects, and other present day fields of study. The vast majority of the majors need to originate from the top divisions of a school or college. These di visions for the most part show indistinguishable subjects from their opposition. You can discover a program to accommodate your needs.</p><p></p><p>Each school region has a branch of advanced education. The majority of these divisions offer projects for understudies in either a Bachelor's or Master's degree.</p><p></p><p>If you are a present understudy, you will most likely be offered an Associate's degree in your general vicinity of study on the off chance that you don't have a Bachelor's qualification as of now. This is a decent chance to win your Master's qualification in one year and procure your Bachelor's certificate in two years. This settles on the decision of claim to fame simpler since most understudies have finished a Bachelor's qualification before their Master's certificate. Now you ought to choose if you need to encourage your examinations or complete a Master's degree.</p><p></p><p>If you as of no w have a Bachelor's qualification, at that point you may choose to get a Master's certificate. There are as yet many graduate degrees accessible for the individuals who decide to proceed with their training. Graduate degree programs are progressively engaged in a particular zone thanassociate's degrees are. All in all, graduate degree projects will require more coursework than partner's degree programs.</p><p></p><p>The last phase of the Master's certificate is a PhD. You should apply to a college to be considered for a PhD in a particular field. You can likewise apply to your neighborhood college or school to be considered for a Master's program.</p><p></p><p>You might need to audit 1865 - 1975 research paper themes as they offer a wide scope of alternatives to satisfy your insight. The schools and colleges will likewise have a possibility for the amount they charge.</p>

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Sample Essay to Prove Your Points

<h1>Sample Essay to Prove Your Points</h1><p>A test paper to persuade a maker to shoot a film is utilized as a beginning stage by journalists who are pitching their undertakings. It gives them a thought of what to state and how to express it so as to get their proposition acknowledged. So what makes this sort of test exposition not quite the same as others?</p><p></p><p>Well, most importantly it is shorter than numerous different examples. It is as a rule under fifty pages yet is at times longer relying upon the length of the venture. A few tasks might be unreasonably long for an example and some are excessively short. So this is a genuine case of a decent example that can be utilized to persuade a maker to shoot a movie.</p><p></p><p>Second, this example is kept in touch with a particular film. This is one thing that makes it not quite the same as different examples. Rather than pitching their examples to film school or to an essayist companion, they compose it to a maker. They realize that a maker is one of the most notable individuals in the entire procedure of shooting a film. Also, they need to intrigue the maker so they will utilize their best thoughts when composing their sample.</p><p></p><p>Third, this example originates from an expert essayist. An expert essayist will realize how to utilize the correct words to get the ideal impact. This isn't something that you can simply put together. Authors utilize a great deal of words when composing their examples and they know precisely how to utilize them.</p><p></p><p>Fourth, the example originates from somebody who has just made films. You can confide in these essayists since they have experienced the whole procedure before composing the example. They know precisely what goes on in the background and they are extremely acquainted with how to get a venture made.</p><p></p><p&g t;Fifth, an example has been composed by somebody who recognizes what they are discussing. This is significant in such a case that the essayist can't compose something persuading then they should not be composing regarding the matter of film making. This is additionally evident on the off chance that they are not learned on the best way to compose an enticing pitch. On the off chance that they can't place it basically in a couple of sentences, at that point they ought not be composing it.</p><p></p><p>Another reason that a decent example to persuade a maker to shoot a film is on the grounds that it is sensible. The essayist needs to persuade the maker to shoot the task since they are persuaded that the undertaking has something exceptional about it. A few scholars may offer models this way, 'this undertaking would be an ideal fit for an Oscar.' But you don't need to give models this way. You ought to have the option to make the point just without utilizing nu mbers or percentages.</p><p></p><p>A powerful paper that persuades a maker to shoot a film will for the most part contain a blend of realities and thoughts and accounts. An author can choose what they need to incorporate and forget about dependent on the length of the film they are composing about.</p>

Monday, May 18, 2020

Profile Essay Topics Ideas - Gathering Your Essay Topics Ideas

<h1>Profile Essay Topics Ideas - Gathering Your Essay Topics Ideas</h1><p>You could plunk down and take notes on a book, however imagine a scenario where you can accumulate some profile exposition themes thoughts into one firm thought that is across the board place. That way, you'll have something to begin with.</p><p></p><p>It would be so advantageous if there was only one spot where we could get the entirety of the data we need without scavenging through many pages of data or dive into an asset box. We simply need to recall, your exposition isn't about the course reading, it's tied in with expressing what is on your mind and composing it like you speak.</p><p></p><p>You need to consider your asset box as a way to make your working catch everyone's eye. You're going to need to utilize the asset box to show the peruser about your own style and how they would profit by perusing what you need to state. Obviously, this wi ll fluctuate contingent upon the kind of essayist you are.</p><p></p><p>If you like writing in a formal, to-the-point way, you may utilize more data. Try not to be hesitant to specify how you discovered this term, or how you discovered this thought, or why this theme is significant. The article isn't intended to tell the peruser something they definitely know, it's intended to disclose that thing to them.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand, on the off chance that you want to recount to a story in your expositions, you may utilize less data and somewhat more feeling. Have a ton of fun with the subtleties and make a point to include some striking portrayals and pictures. In the event that you have the data you need, you can improve it into a couple sentences.</p><p></p><p>Hopefully, you don't need to reach to your asset box for each thought you have. Some exposition themes are more mind boggling than others, so your a rticle may require more association. At the point when you have the entirety of your pieces collected in your asset box, at that point you can develop on those instead of attempting to concoct your own ideas.</p><p></p><p>It's extremely simple to expound on yourself and when you do, there's a superior possibility of making it stick. You may even find that the things you're expounding on in your profiles will fit in with different instances of profile articles you've seen on the web. By consolidating your composing style with an exposition composed by another person, you can have your profile article themes thoughts naturally come together.</p><p></p><p>Don't be reluctant to approach companions or family for thoughts, they could be extremely useful when you are attempting to develop your profile paper subjects thoughts. For whatever length of time that you get your realities right and ensure that your thoughts are pertinent to your poin t, you'll be well en route to building an extraordinary article. Your paper will likewise assist you with sharpening your composing abilities and this will assist you with composing an incredible evaluation, so ensure you put some energy into your papers and research before you write.</p>

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Compulsive Behavior A Psychological Explanation

A compulsive behavior is an action that a person feels â€Å"compelled† or driven to do over and over again. While these compulsive actions may appear to be irrational or pointless, and may even result in negative consequences, the individual experiencing the compulsion feels unable to stop him or herself. Key Takeaways: Compulsive Behavior Compulsive behaviors are actions a person feels driven or compelled to do repeatedly, even if those actions appear to be irrational or pointless.A compulsion is different from an addiction, which is a physical or chemical dependence on a substance or behavior.Compulsive behaviors can be physical acts, like repetitive hand washing or hoarding, or mental exercises, like counting or memorizing books.Some compulsive behaviors are symptomatic of the psychiatric condition called Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).Some compulsive behaviors can be harmful when practiced to an extreme. The compulsive behavior can be a physical act, like hand washing or door-locking, or a mental activity, like counting objects or memorizing telephone books. When an otherwise harmless behavior becomes so consuming that it negatively impacts oneself or others, it may be a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Compulsion vs. Addiction A compulsion is different from an addiction. The former is an overwhelming desire (or sense of physical need) to do something, while an addiction is a physical or chemical dependence on a substance or behavior. People with advanced addictions will continue their addictive behavior, even when they understand that doing so is harmful to themselves and others. Alcoholism, drug abuse, smoking, and gambling are perhaps the most common examples of addictions. Two key differences between compulsion and addiction are pleasure and awareness. Pleasure: Compulsive behaviors, such as those involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder, rarely result in feelings of pleasure, whereas addictions typically do. For example, people who compulsively wash their hands get no pleasure from doing so. By contrast, people with addictions â€Å"want† to use the substance or engage in the behavior because they expect to enjoy it. This desire for pleasure or relief becomes part of the self-perpetuating cycle of addiction as the person suffers the discomfort of withdrawal that comes when they are unable to use the substance or engage in the behavior. Awareness: People with obsessive-compulsive disorders are typically aware of their behaviors and are bothered by the knowledge that they have no logical reason for doing them. On the other hand, people with addictions are often unaware of or unconcerned about the negative consequences of their actions. Typical of the denial stage of addictions, the individuals refuse to admit that their behavior is harmful. Instead, they are â€Å"just having fun† or trying to â€Å"fit in.† Often, it takes a devastating consequence like a drunk-driving conviction, a divorce, or getting fired for persons with addictions to become aware of the realities of their actions. Compulsion vs. Habit Unlike compulsions and addictions, which are acted out consciously and uncontrollably, habits are actions that are repeated regularly and automatically. For example, although we may be aware that we are brushing our teeth, we almost never wonder why we are doing it or ask ourselves, â€Å"Should I be brushing my teeth or not?†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Habits typically develop over time through a natural process called â€Å"habituation,† during which repetitive actions that must be consciously initiated eventually become subconscious and are carried out habitually without specific thought. For example, while as children, we may need to be reminded to brush our teeth, we eventually grow to do it as a matter of habit. Good habits, like tooth-brushing, are behaviors that are consciously and intentionally added to our routines in order to maintain or improve our health or general wellbeing. While there are good habits and bad, unhealthy habits, any habit can become a compulsion or even an addiction. In other words, you really can have â€Å"too much of a good thing.† For example, the good habit of exercising regularly can become an unhealthy compulsion or addiction when done to excess. Common habits often develop into addictions when they result in a chemical dependency, as in the cases of alcoholism and smoking. The habit of having a glass of beer with dinner, for example, becomes an addiction when the desire to drink turns into a physical or emotional need to drink.   Of course, the key difference between a compulsive behavior and a habit is the ability to choose to do them or not. While we can choose to add good, healthy habits to our routines, we can also choose to break old harmful habits. The Home of a Hoarder. Getty Images/Sandy Huffaker Common Compulsive Behaviors While almost any behavior can become compulsive or addictive, some are more common. These include: Eating: Compulsive overeating—often done as an attempt to cope with stress—is the inability to control one’s amount of nutritional intake, resulting in excessive weight gain.Shopping: Compulsive shopping is characterized by shopping done to the extent that it impairs the shoppers’ lives, eventually leaving them financially unable to meet their daily needs or support their families.Checking: Compulsive checking describes the constant checking of things like locks, switches, and appliances. Checking is usually driven by an overwhelming feeling of the need to protect oneself or others from imminent harm.Hoarding: Hoarding is the excessive saving of items and the inability to discard any of those items. Compulsive hoarders often become unable to use rooms in their homes as they were meant to be used and have difficulty moving about the home because of the stored items.Gambling: Compulsive or problem gambling is simply the inability to resist the desire to gamb le. Even when and if they win, compulsive gamblers are unable to stop wagering. Problem gambling typically results in serious personal, financial, and social problems in the person’s life.Sexual Activity: Also known as hypersexual disorder, compulsive sexual behavior is characterized by constant feelings, thoughts, desires, and behaviors about anything related to sex. While the behaviors involved can range from normal sexual behaviors to those that are illegal or considered morally and culturally unacceptable, the disorder can cause problems in many areas of life. As with all mental health issues, persons who believe they may be suffering from compulsive or addictive behaviors should speak to a healthcare professional. When Compulsion Becomes OCD Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a form of anxiety disorder that causes a recurring, unwanted feeling or idea that a certain action must be done repetitively â€Å"no matter what.† While many people compulsively repeat certain behaviors, those behaviors do not interfere with their daily lives and may even help them structure their day in order to complete certain tasks. In persons with OCD, however, these feelings become so consuming that the fear of failing to complete the repeated action causes them to experience anxiety to the point of physical illness. Even when OCD sufferers know their obsessive actions are unnecessary and even harmful, they find it impossible to even consider the idea of stopping them. Most compulsive behaviors attributed to OCD are extremely time-consuming, cause major distress, and impair work, relationships, or other important functions. Some of the more potentially damaging compulsive behaviors often associated with OCD include eating, shopping, hoarding and animal hoarding, skin picking, gambling, and sex. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), about 1.2 percent of Americans have OCD, with slightly more women than men affected. OCD often begins in childhood, adolescence or early adulthood, with 19 being the average age at which disorder develops. While they have some characteristics in common, addictions and habits are different from compulsive behaviors. Understanding these differences can help in taking appropriate action or seeking treatment. Sources †What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?â€Å" American Psychiatric Associationâ€Å"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.† National Institute of Mental Health.†Habit, Compulsion and Addictionâ€Å" ChangingMinds.org

Friday, May 15, 2020

Essay Topics on National Security - Find Out How

<h1>Essay Topics on National Security - Find Out How</h1><p>What are some paper themes on national security? Dislike understudies are ever approached to discover explicit branches of knowledge for their assignments, yet in the event that they did it is ideal to remember them for the general curriculum.</p><p></p><p>Essay points can be found and research should be possible on an assortment of subjects. Points, for example, national security are regularly secured as a result of dangers to national security and the numerous issues that accompany the risk of fear mongering. It's significant for understudies to have as much information on these subjects as possible.</p><p></p><p>People who study national security have the benefit of knowing the rudiments of our history. The historical backdrop of the United States can be followed back to the establishing fathers of our country. A great many people know about the Framers, wh o were probably the most compelling men in our history. Today they can at present guide us into what this nation ought to be.</p><p></p><p>There are an assortment of points that might be utilized in an article about national security. These themes incorporate the historical backdrop of this nation and its establishing. These points additionally spread recent developments, for example, the war in Iraq or psychological oppressor assaults in spots, for example, New York.</p><p></p><p>Student research can likewise assist them with getting learned about military staff and other deployment ready work force in the military. These points can incorporate the historical backdrop of each part of the military. A portion of the later themes incorporate the Middle East; the present circumstance in Afghanistan; and the intrusion of Iraq.</p><p></p><p>Exercises like the ones that occurred during World War II are regularly remem bered for exposition subjects on national security. They are utilized to inspire military work force and can help persuade youngsters. Most schools are currently utilizing a World War II work out, which utilizes the assets from genuine battle circumstances and permits understudies to be submerged in the earth they would look in a battle circumstance. This can assist understudies with showing signs of improvement thought of how they would respond under the equivalent conditions.</p><p></p><p>Students ought to be urged to explore distinctive military subjects. It's acceptable to know the realities and to know where you would fit in. At the point when research occurs, understudies will have a superior comprehension of the world we live in. They will be furnished with the information important to adapt to this present reality and become better residents in our society.</p>

Monday, May 11, 2020

The Chronicles of Apa Style Paper Writing Services

<h1> The Chronicles of Apa Style Paper Writing Services </h1> <p>Like an essayist, it really is urgent to form a quick article that isn't probably going to discover any accentuation and syntax imperfections. Simply envision you won't have issues with scholarly composing any more. Extra please feel sure you will get a great paper that is checked with unoriginality distinguishing programming. Guarantee to get refreshed with the ideal term utilization especially when you're composing an exploration paper. </p> <h2> Gossip, Deception and Apa Style Paper Writing Services </h2> <p>The perfect approach to sum up an article is to begin by perusing it through a specific first time rapidly. You're ready to promptly get the exposition composed rapidly if the case you don't have adequate time and vitality to play out some examination all alone and make the paper, it's conceivable to attempt to find the help of gifted article writers. Composing papers req uires an appreciation of the subject one is composing on with the goal that they might be in a situation to viably introduce their own special individual perspectives. Composing innovative intelligent papers is a fantastic system to improve your diagnostic reasoning capacities. </p> <h2> The Benefits of Apa Style Paper Writing Services</h2> <p>Certain APA papers don't generally require a theoretical, in this manner it is basic that when you buy APA papers from Ultius that you let us know whether you require one. APA group is required for articles as it were. APA is a specific arranging style which forestalls copyright infringement. APA is actually the most successive designing styles used by a few schools and colleges around the globe. </p> <p>Writing APA style paper can be a troublesome activity for understudies who don't have the foggiest idea about the rules and necessities of the wring position. 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Friday, May 8, 2020

Research Paper Topics For Art Therapy Topics

<h1>Research Paper Topics For Art Therapy Topics</h1><p>You may be scanning the Internet for investigate paper points that relate to your interests. Be that as it may, do you realize where to discover these points? There are numerous sites that offer understudies thoughts for investigate papers and on the off chance that you need to utilize these thoughts for your own examination paper, you should do some exploration on which ones are compelling and which ones are not.</p><p></p><p>For starters, you can attempt to discover these subjects in the library or on the web, yet they can be very hard to track down, as these spots will be loaded down with old books with no significance to the points that are required. In any case, you can spare yourself a great deal of time and exertion by searching for these points through the web crawlers, which is the quickest and most effortless approach to get a rundown of assets that are applicable to your picke d investigate theme. This technique for looking isn't normally the best one since it includes a ton of snaps of the mouse.</p><p></p><p>If you like to stay away from this, at that point you should do a smidgen of perusing to discover what research paper subjects for workmanship treatment themes you ought to examine. Here are a few hints that will get you out. To start with, you can counsel the past understudies of the school that you need to enter, particularly if their exploration papers were good.</p><p></p><p>Second, you can talk with the expert understudies who composed great research papers. They will have knowledge and have the option to give you a few hints on what you ought to inquire about. Despite the fact that these tips probably won't be helpful to you, you can in any case take a gander at them and perceive how they compose, and afterward attempt to make your own style.</p><p></p><p>Third, you may li kewise consider talking with the instructors of the understudies you wish to concentrate under. An instructor is an individual who knows and have involvement with a specific subject, and these educators will regularly know about a portion of the extraordinary understudies who are doing fantastic research papers. With this data, you can generally think of your own exploration points for craftsmanship treatment topics.</p><p></p><p>It is imperative to take note of that there are numerous subjects that are essential to the field of workmanship. Thusly, in the event that you decide to consider subjects, for example, exploratory writing, acting, show, move, or music, you will have the option to concentrate on the kind of subjects that are imperative to the field of craftsmanship. You should peruse the examination papers and see which ones relate to the subjects that you have chosen.</p><p></p><p>Most significantly, it is significant that yo u downplay your exploration and assignments since this will make it simpler for you to get familiar with the most fascinating exploration paper points for craftsmanship treatment themes. When you become alright with the examination papers that you have composed, you can begin utilizing these as a layout for your future research papers.</p><p></p><p>Also, you can visit a portion of the workshops that are sorted out by expressions of the human experience advisors that are situated close to you, as they can give you some significant data about how to compose great research papers and how to accomplish an elevated level of competency with regards to your specialty. These workshops additionally offer you the chance to meet different craftsmen and craftspeople, and this can be an extraordinary learning experience for all.</p>

Topics For Essay Writing About Patriots

Topics For Essay Writing About PatriotsWhen you write an essay, one of the most common topics for essay writing about patriots is the patriot movement. The Patriot movement in many ways is the culmination of centuries of civil disobedience and revolution. In order to write about the history of the movement and about the current status of the movement, you will need to use historical sources and look at many different points of view on the subject.It's easy to see how some of the problems we face today can be traced back to the Patriot movement. During this period in our history, there were several important battles fought, and many people died for their beliefs in the beliefs of freedom. As a result, many people were jailed and killed because they were too weak to obey the government. After many years of struggling against the government, many Americans were ready to take up arms.A good way to begin writing about the subject is to select a number of topics for essay writing about pat riots pen. You can select the following topics for essay writing about patriots pen. The first topic should deal with what is known as the Patriot Movement itself. The second is for essays on the American Revolution.The third topic should deal with the American Revolution. The fourth is for essays on the American Declaration of Independence. The fifth is for essays on the American Constitution. The sixth is for essays on the Bill of Rights.The seventh is for essays on the Bill of Rights. The eighth is for essays on civil liberties. The ninth is for essays on free government. The tenth is for essays on state rights.The eleventh is for essays on civil society. The twelfth isfor essays on industry. The thirteenth is for essays on religion.The fourteenth is for essays on the press. The fifteenth is for essays on labor. The sixteenth is for essays on trade. The seventeenth is for essays on religion.The eighteenth is for essays on education. The nineteenth is for essays on nationality. Th e twentieth is for essays on empire. The twenty-first is for essays on democracy.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay Slavery in the Bible - 784 Words

Slavery in the Bible The first mention of slavery in the Bible is found in Noahs declaration, Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers (Gen. 9:25). He said this after waking up from a naked, drunken stupor and learning that his son Ham had mocked him. Although Ham was the guilty party, Noahs statement was directed at Hams youngest son Canaan. If he was involved with his father in this act of disrespect, the statement can be taken as the pronouncement of a curse, Cursed be Canaan. It is possible, however, that Canaan did not join his father in making fun of Noah. If so, the statement would be in the form of a prophecy: Cursed will be Canaan. Exodus 20:5 and Ezekiel 18:4 clearly declare that God punishes†¦show more content†¦About 500 years after the death of Abraham, his descendants through Isaac were living in Egypt as slaves. Genesis 37 to 50 tells the story of how this came about. The 10 oldest sons of Abrahams grandson Jacob disliked their younger brother Joseph so mu ch that they found a way to sell him to traders who in turn sold him to an Egyptian officer as a slave. In his new land, Joseph went through a series of ups and downs and eventually became the prime minister of Egypt, the highest official under the king. God enabled Joseph to foresee an approaching time of famine, and used him to store up food and then distribute it during the famine. His political position made it possible for him to settle his fathers family in Egypts most fertile territory. Here they prospered for many years. However, the time came when the leaders of Egypt began to view the rapidly growing Israelite community as a threat. As a result, they made slaves of the Israelites, treating them with ever-increasing harshness. Finally, desperate because the descendants of Jacob continued to multiply, they issued an order that all their male babies be destroyed at birth. The first 12 chapters of Exodus tell the story of how the Lord responded to the cries of His people. He m iraculously provided Moses to be their leader, sent 10 plagues on the Egyptians, helped the Israelites celebrate their first Passover, and led them out of the land of bondage. It appears that as they left for Canaan, they had noShow MoreRelatedThe Bible And The Slavery1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe bible has been used to argue for support and the abolishment of slavery. The first mention of slaves in the bible is in Exodus talking about the Israelite enslaved by the Egyptians. â€Å"So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor† (Exodus 1:11). However, God delivered the Israelites out of slavery from the Egyptians. That should have been enough evidence that God does not accept slavery by anyone. The way that slavery is spoken about in the bible makes it seem that theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Bible1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves in a manner that the Bible would condone. Yet the Bible is left largely to personal interpretation, so the way people conducted themselves was varied person to person. As slavery was a hotly contested subject in the nation, people yearned to prove that their beliefs were in line with scripture, and that they were divinely sanctioned to behave how they did. Both pro and anti slavery sentiment were largely fueled by interpretation of scripture, as the Bible does provide substance for bothRead MoreThe Bible As A Support For Slavery880 Words   |  4 PagesIn many occassions people have used the Bible as a support for slavery. Slavery refers to individuals that are owned by others, whom have full control of their excistance. As time passed by, slavery developed and was the cause of many conflicts. In the movie Twelve Years of Slave we can see h ow slavery builds the inferno everyone burns. In an analysis of the movie for Commmonweal magazine, Richard Alleva said, To suggest that slave owners suffered as much as slaves would be obscene. In theRead MoreThe Bible in Relation to Slavery Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bible is the best-selling book of all time, and with good reason. For the stories written in it have changed the way many think and even believe when it comes to the power greater than this world. The Bible holds very specific opinions on things such as slavery, who humans should treat each other, and ultimately social justice. It has been one of the most important foundations for allowing social reform to occur in modern day history as well as the history of the whole world. However, it isRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Words   |  4 Pagescondemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery southerners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used this same argument to support it. Slavery was a practiceRead MoreWilliam Patton, An Abolitionist And Reverend937 Words   |  4 Pagesreverend, had a two-fold argument against the idea of Christianity supporting slavery which he laid out in his 1846 book â€Å"Slavery, the Bible, Infidelity†. His first argument, was that God could never support because, in simple terms, â€Å"God is just, and that slaveholding is unjust† (Patton, 6). Supporting this idea, Patton quotes Thomas Jefferson in saying in response of proslavery rhetoric, that â€Å"If your interpretation of the Bible be correct,it cannot be the word of God—for it gives him a character theRead MoreSlavery Is Not Legal Now939 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Slavery, according to Merriam Webster means â€Å"the practice of owning slaves†. ïÆ'ŸïÆ'ŸïÆ'Ÿ This means owning people against their will and not paying them. Slavery has been around since 1916, when the first settlers of Jamestown brought with them their slaves. Slavery also has been a debate ever since the declaration of independence, when Thomas Jefferson tried to abolish slavery but North Carolina disagreed. Owning slaves back at the time was a sign of wealth and power. The slave trade important toRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States956 Words   |  4 Pages12th 1869 and May 9th 1865. Those are worth a lot of reasons that the North went to war with the south the main reason was slavery. Where the North wanted to either get rid of slavery altogether or stop slavery from spreading to the new states coming into America the South wanted to expand slavery. Slavery has been around since the beginning of time, since back in the old Bible days. America was just one of the last remaining nations to abolish it. It was hard to abolish something that is so infusedRead MoreMiranda Fleming. Word Count: 1,674. 3/16/17. Defending1674 Words   |  7 PagesMiranda Fleming Word Count: 1,674 3/16/17 Defending Slavery: Religion and Race The history of slavery in the United States divided people by the color of their skin. During the 16th thru 18th century, people of African ethnicity were automatically considered slaves. This not only created a parceling between races but also the demarcation of the northern and southern states of the America. The northern states had asseverated their opposition of slavery while the southern states upheld their concordanceRead MoreThe Degradation Of Religion And Family From Slavery991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Degradation of Religion and Family from Slavery In the book, Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass outlines the disturbing effects that slavery induced on society. Slaves were dehumanized, ripped from their homes and sentenced to a life of harsh work, and harsher treatment. Slaves were held at their slaveholder’s mercy, beaten, whipped, and killed for being disobedient or performing in an unsatisfactory manner. The treatment of Douglass and fellow slaves shows what the grim

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Pros And Cons Of Bilingual Education Essay Example For Students

Pros And Cons Of Bilingual Education Essay While the debate on benefits of bilingual education in the United States has continued and different programs to improve bilingual education have been developed, the two-way immersion program may be the most effective, in terms of English achievement. The two-way model promotes achievement both academically and linguistically for both language majority and minority students in the same classroom. This model has been Receiving attention among educators and will be the subject of this review of bilingual education. Chapter II Literature Review Background With Hispanics making up more than fifty percent of the language minority population of the United States cited in Winster, Diaz, Espinosa, Rodriguez, 1999, Spanish remains the most prevalent target language in U. S. bilingual programs {Christian, 1996. There are more than thirty million language minority individuals that reside in the United States, with an estimated projection of forty million by the end of the century Fitzgerald, 1993. Christian 1996 indicates that there is a growing concern for the target language maintenance and development. With English being as powerful and dominant as it is, the minority language is fighting for its very survival especially with adolescent students. The students must negotiate between their bilingual system and other complex systems such as peer interactions, self-esteem, and the education system itself as a whole to keep the minority language alive Soto, 1992. Societal attitudes towards two languages by native English speakers are attributed to the lack of progress in Spanish Graham Brown, 1996. The debate about the benefits of bilingual education in the United States has continued for more than twenty years During this time the focus has been to help those students identified as being L. E. P. or limited in English proficiency by obtaining the best programs that will help them succeed in school Medina Escamilla, 1994 . One of the major sources of controversy in the field of bilingual education is when to move students into English-language instruction Gersten Woodward, 1995 , and which types of programs with which types of children are most effective in facilitating English language acquisition and/or native language maintenance August Hakusta, 1997; Garcia et al, 1995; Hakusta Gould. 1987; cited in Winster. Diaz. Espinosa. Rodriguez. 1999. Two-way bilingual programs The earliest two-way programs began in the 1960s and 1970s. Immersion programs were a radical educational experiment when they were first introduced Genesse, 1994. It has only been over the past decade that there has been greater interest in the two-way immersion model. The increasing interest in the two-way immersion model is most likely due to the convergence of bilingual education research. It has indicated that extended native language development has positive educational outcomes for language minority students. Research on the most effective forms of bilingual education usually in terms of English achievement suggests that two-way programs may be the best. Two-way bilingual education has been described in a National study as the program with the highest long-term academic success Thomas Collier, 1997, p. 52. Two-way bilingual education programs show strong potential for high academic achievement by lessening social distance and unequal social status relations between majority and minority language studentsGonzalez Maez. 1995. The students success in these programs is undoubtedly due to a number of factors. These include opportunities for linguistic minority students to assume strong peer leadership roles in the classroom, an emphasis on grade- level academic instruction in both languages, sustained support for and use of multicultural curricula, and opportunities for non-English-speaking parents to form close partnerships with the school staff as well as with other parents Students are learning through two languages in programs that aim to develop dual language proficiency along with academic achievement. Because the two-way model promotes and language minority students in the same classroom, it has begun to receive attention of the national. state. and local levels as an effective way to educate language minority and majority students {Lindholm, 1992; Christian, 1996. A set of factors have been identified by Lindholm 1990. These factors are essential forsuccessful two-way immersion education The criteria that have been identified are: 1. Programs should provide a minimum of 4 to 6 years of bilingual instruction to participating students. . The focus of instruction should he the same core academic curriculum that students in other programs experience. 3. Optimal language input input that is comprehensible, interesting, and of sufficient quantity as well as opportunities for output should be provided to students, including quality language arts instructions in both languages. 5. The target non-English language should be used for instruction a minimum of 50% of the time to a maximum of90% in the early grades and English should be used at least 10% of the time. . The program should provide an additive bilingual environment where all students have the opportunity to learn an L2 while continuing to develop their L 1 proficiency 7. Classrooms should include a balance of students from the target language and English backgrounds who participate in instructional activities together. 8. Positive interactions among students should be facilitated by the use of strategies such as cooperative learning. Characteristics of effective schools should be incorporated in to programs Such as qualified personnel and home-school collaboration cited in Christian, Two-way 1996, p. 68. 7 Two-way bilingual programs have attempted to provide the opportunity for both language minority and majority children to develop biliteracy by including English speakers as part of their student population. The goal of most two-way programs is to bring Spanish speakers and English speakers to full bilingualism Jones, 1994, p. 81 . Two-way immersion programs provide an effective approach to educating the growing number of nonnative speaking students in an additive bilingual environment that promotes L 1 and English language development, as well as academic progress Christian, 1996 The two-way immersion programs provide content area instruction and language development in both languages. In order to achieve the full benefits of two-way immersion education, students from the two-language backgrounds are in each class, and they are integrated for most or all of their content instruction. Two-way programs provide an environment that promotes positive attitudes toward both languages and cultures and is supportive of full bilingual proficiency for both native and nonnative speakers of English {Christian, 1996. The distribution of two-languages of instruction varies from program to program. The languages are typically kept separate in one of three-ways or a combination of them: a by content area e. g. , social studies and math are taught in English; b by time e. g. , instruction is in each language on alternative days , c by person e. g. , one teacher uses only Cantenese and another uses only English {Christian, 1996, p. 0. Bilingual/immersion has been constructed on four theoretical and conceptual building blocks to meet the language and academic needs of both native and nonnative speakers of English. Plato Analysis EssayIt is projected that 60% -65% of the original cohort will remain in the program in the final two years of the grant Liberty Gonzalez, 1998. Cazabon, Nicoladis, and Lambert examined students progress toward bilingualism in the Amigos two-way immersion program. Amigos is a two-way immersion program instituted in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1986. The students in this program typically start in kinder and continue the program through 6th grade. They wanted to gain insight into the attitudes of becoming bilingual and to see if the students were achieving academically in two languages. They examined the Amigos students scores on a standardized achievement tests of reading and math in English and Spanish across a 5 to 6 year period. Concerning their attitudes, most students enjoyed learning Spanish and English in the program. The standardized test for English was the CAT California Achievement Test. The standardized test for Spanish was SABE Spanish Achievement in Bilingual Education. The English-Amigos scored as well as or better than the English control group on the CAT. The Spanish-Amigos scored no differently from the English control group in reading on the CA T and scored significantly higher than the English control group in English-language math in Grades 4 through 6Cazabon, Nicoladis Lambert, These results suggest that both groups Amigos have achieved a high degree of English proficiency with regard to their academic work Spanish achievement reveals that the Spanish -Amigos scored as well as or better than the Spanish control group in reading and math at all grades. The English -Amigos scored significantly lower in reading than the Spanish control group in Grades 4 to 6 and as well as or better than the Spanish control group in math at all gradesCazabon. Nicoladis Lambert. In sum, these results suggest that the Spanish-Amigos have maintained a high degree of Spanish proficiency with regard to their academic work. The English-Amigos have attained some degree of Spanish proficiency, as evidenced by their scores on the word problems of the SABE math test. Shin and Krashen 1996 investigated how bilingual education is perceived by teachers They were specifically interested in teachers understanding and attitudes toward the theoretical foundation of bilingual education, and how these attitudes compared to support for participation in bilingual programs. The sample consisted of 794 kinder through twelve public school teachers from six school districts in central California. The results show that there is strong acceptance for the rationale underlying bilingual education. The teachers agreed that developing literacy in the first language facilitated the development of reading and writing in English, and that subject matter instruction in the first language helps the child learn subject matter better in English p. 51. Teachers also accepted the rationale that advanced first language development led to practical advantages, superior cognitive development, and agreed that maintaining the first culture of the child was a good idea. Jones, 1994 addressed students perceptions of bi-literacy in a two-way bilingual classroom. He believes that attitudes toward language are an integral part of learning a second language and therefore should be an integral part of planning and teaching for second language learningp. 81 . Students must be understood in terms of attitude as well, as cognitive and linguistic processes in order to maximize bi-literacy in any and all bilingual classrooms. Results indicated that even in a two-way program where both languages were equally valued, Spanish and English speakers alike perceived English to be more legitimate school language. English was used by all students to describe their writing even when children were Spanish dominant and limited in their ability to use English p. 84. Spanish speakers were anxious to use English when being interviewed by a bilingual Hispanic interviewer. Although number of students interviewed in this study was small, the findings about attitude and perception caused school personnel to examine their assumptions about their childrens readiness to d evelop both languages. McCollum 1993 found that in a middle school two-way immersion program, Spanish background students used primarily English at school. She argues that among other factors, the students perceived English, not Spanish, as the language of power and reacted accordingly cited in Christian, 1996, p. 74. Gersten and Woodward 1995 described a longitudinal evaluation of two approaches to the education of language-minority students, transitional bilingual education and a new approach, bilingual immersion. This evaluation took place in El Paso, Texas. Academic instruction is taught in the primary language of the student. The primary language will be taught until the student demonstrates an adequate grasp of English. This will enable them to succeed in classes with English-language academic instruction, and exhibit competence in academic areas in their native language. Increased mastery of concepts in mathematics, social studies, and other content areas is one goal of bilingual education, since they are taught in Spanish, the language that students understand the best. Contemporary advocates of the immersion approach propose a method that integrates second-language instruction with content-area materials. This approach is sometimes called bilingual immersion. This bilingual immersion approach retains the predominant focus on English-language instruction from the immersion model. It changes it with a substantive, 4-year Spanish-language program so that students maintain their facility with their native language, The use of the English language at both conversational and conceptual levels is a cornerstone in the evolution of bilingual immersion. Students were included in the sample who a were classified as exhibiting virtually no knowledge of English on beginning first grade b participated for at least four years in one of the districts two programs for language-minority students, and c took the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills ITBS in the areas of language, reading, mathematics, and vocabularyGersten Woodward, 1995, p. 230. Ten schools were involved, five implemented bilingual immersion and five implemented transitional bilingual education. Longitudinal analyses were III for the bilingual immersion sample and 117 for the transitional bilingual education sample. Data were collected between 1985 and 1991. The Longitudinal evaluation generally produced a lack of significant differences in achievement test scores by the seventh grade in all areas but reading, where the effect was small. The longitudinal comparisons of seventh-grade achievement indicate that bilingual immersion and transitional bilingual education are equally viable options Gersten Woodward, 1995 Collier 1995 conducted research on nonnative-English speaking students in five urban Districts. The results show that the greatest educational gains are achieved by students who were in two-way programs cited in Christian, 1996. While the differences are not so great in the early years, by secondary school, the effects are clear Christian, 1996, p. 72.